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LEGL 4500/6500 - Employment Law, Esq. Are schools failing black boys?

Celeste Fremon & Stephaine Renfrow Hamilton By fourth grade many African American boys are already falling behind in the classroom. Our report examines what’s happening, what can be done, and why it should matter to all of us. Imagine for a moment that you live in a land where a number of the citizens have purple hair.

Now suppose that most non-purple-haired people feel a little uneasy about the grape-haired folk, especially the males. And what if the vague prejudice extended even to little boys in school, who, because of the color of their hair, were apt to hear both these messages regularly: Purple-haired boys aren’t as smart as normal-haired boys; they also need stricter discipline-after all, look at all the purple-haired criminals on TV.

Suppose teachers went so far as to relegate some of these kids into separate classrooms so that they didn’t interfere with the learning of others. Now imagine that you have a purple-haired boy of your own-a terrific kid whose intelligence and potential shine clearly.

Directv H23-600 Hd Receiver Manual/ Download Last Version. But after a few years in grade school, the light of his enthusiasm for learning is beginning to dim. His teachers say it’s his fault-that he can’t do the work, won’t stay on task, has a learning disability, rotten attitude, bad habits, you name it. What would you do? As implausible as it sounds, this parable is all too real for some African American families with boys in the nation’s public schools. Granted, not every black make student is in every learning environment suffers these biases, nor is every problem of the schools’ making: The more fortunate students receive enough love, encouragement, and support at school, at home, or in their communities to achieve in spite of the odds (see examples of such kids in 'Voices of Hope' on the following pages). But some black boys do not.

Far too many confront a stifling kind of bias that destroys their interest in school, according to a growing chorus of educators and activists. This prejudice can have hurtful consequences: cultural insensitivity, lowered expectations, unduly harsh discipline, and the systematic shunting of African American boys into remedial or special education classes. Although the hardships some black male students face are not insurmountable, these problems must first be understood before they can be solved. The Downhill Slide A 1990 study of more than 105,000 students in Maryland’s Prince George’s County, where African Americans made up about 65 percent of the enrollment, showed that black male pupils performed comparably to boys and girls of all races on first- and second-grade standardized math and reading test. But by fourth grade, African American boys experienced a sharp decline in their scores. More recent national studies have shown similar findings: In 1994, fourth-grade reading scores of African American boys lagged behind those of all other groups at the same grade level, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. It’s sobering to think that any group of kids as young as eight or nine years old can lose interest in school.

But a number of experts have been making this observation about black boys for more than two decades. (Although the performance of black girls also declines around the same age, the dip isn’t nearly as pronounced and is often recouped in later years, researchers say.) 'I first saw the drop-off syndrome when I started working in school development back in the late sixties,' says Dr. James Comer, director of the Yale Child Studies Center and an educator who has been in the forefront of black child development and school reform for nearly 30 years. 'It was especially noticeable among students from low-income families, boys in particular.' Why do boys flounder more? 'Around third and fourth grade, there’s a shift in the way teachers instruct kids,' says Harry Morgan, an early childhood development professor at the State University of West Georgia who has also spent over 29 years training teachers and conducting research on classroom behavior and learning styles. 'In the earlier years, teachers encourage social interaction,' he says, 'but by the fourth grade, classrooms become more of a static, lecturing environment.'

This change in teaching approach, from an informal, learning-by-doing style to the more structured, sit-down-and-listen setup, is toughest on male students, who tend to be more active than girls in the elementary grades. And for black boys, a teacher’s reactions to these high energy levels may be compounded by racism. 'There’s often an undercurrent of fear or tension between black male students and many white teachers, and even some black ones,' says Morgan, who served as one of the early developers of Project Head Start in 1965. 'This fear can be triggered over something as minor as a black boy walking around the room. On some subliminal level, the teacher is afraid to have even a very young black male defy the simplest rule.